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Virology: Submission Instrustion
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Sample selection as well as proper collection and
handling of samples is of critical importance prior to submission
of samples for Virology. Please consider the following points:
- Appropriate samples should be selected after the probable diagnoses
has been considered. See test listing page for a
listing of tests with links to suggested specimens for each virus.
- Swabs, fecals or tissue biopsies, taken as aseptically as possible
from animals in the early stages of clinical disease, are best.
Most virus infections are cleared in approximately five days after
onset of clinical signs.
- Post mortem samples should be taken immediately after death.
Organ tissues, to be evaluated separately, should be taken aseptically
and packaged individually in plastic bags. Segments of gastrointestinal
tract should be submitted intact (unopened) and tied off with
twine. Intestines or contents should not be placed in the same
plastic bag as organ tissues. Additional tissue is required when
more than one examination (VI, FATS or EM) is requested.
- Selection of the area of larger organs such as lung, liver and
brain is often important. In tissue with marked changes, higher
levels of virus are generally found at the active edge of a lesion.
Necrotic centers of lesions or areas of normal tissue are often
non-productive specimens for isolation.
- Fecals preserved with 1 part formalin to 9 parts feces are examined
by electron microscopy for viral particles. Fresh, chilled fecals
can be processed for viral isolation and/or electron microscopy.
- Samples should arrive in the laboratory as quickly as possible
in a chilled state (4 degrees Celcius). Insulated containers containing
ice packs are suitable for this purpose. Avoid fluctuating temperatures
and slow freezing. The level of virus in tissue, when it arrives
at the laboratory, is always less than at the time of collection.
- Pertinent information concerning history, numbers and ages of
animals involved, vaccinations, etc. should accompany the samples.
When possible, please indicate the types of viral examinations
being requested.
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